全国职称英语考试综合类C级课堂补全短文第5讲

全国职称英语考试综合类C级课堂补全短文第5讲

例题解析：

　　补全短文  (第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
　　阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Passage 1

The first four minutes  （文章难度B/C级，偏向B级）

　　When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: __1__. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that.
　　You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.__2__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.

　　When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, People like people who like themselves.
　　On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.
　　Hearing such advice, one might say, But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way.
　　 __3__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one.

　　But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, total honest is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.

　　 __4__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
　　The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __5__ that is at least as important as how much we know.
 
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.

B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.

E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room

F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.The first four minutes
 　答案及解析：
1．  文章标题分析：The first four minutes
1．When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their 2。first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his 3。book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice ..
 
2．  仔细分析被选项：
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.（如果有A，则前文中应该提到Dr. Zunin， 而且在内容上有某人给Dr. Zunin写了信）

B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.（如果有B，则前文中提到了关于如何‘对待陌生人’）
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）

D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. （该句在句意上是总结概括句，而且包含文章中的核心结构，所以成为选项的可能性较大）
E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有E，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）

F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
 
3．  直接看空格所在的前后结构，注意前后结构中用词特点，句意特点，对被选项进行选择。
A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.（如果有A，则前文中应该提到Dr. Zunin， 而且在内容上有某人给Dr. Zunin写了信）

B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.（如果有B，则前文中提到了关于如何‘对待陌生人’）
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）

D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. （该句在句意上是在建议别人怎么做，而且包含文章中的核心结构，所以成为选项的可能性较大）
E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有E，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）

F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）

 
1．When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their 2。first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his 3。 book, Contact: The first four minutes, he offers this advice to anyone
4。interested in starting new friendships: __1__. A lot of people's whole lives would 5。change if they did just that.
　　D． 分析：空格前后句中出现了代词的呼应-- this advice--- that，再结合句意判断空格处出现表意为“建议”的句子可能性最大，结合被选项的内容和用词判断D是答案。
考点：语意平行结构中的观点句/概括总结句

A. In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.（如果有A，则前文中应该提到Dr. Zunin， 而且在内容上有某人给Dr. Zunin写了信）
B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.（如果有B，则前文中提到了关于如何‘对待陌生人’）
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）
E. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有E，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）

 
1．You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention 2。to someone he as just met.__2__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably 3。did not like him very much.
　　E．分析：后句中的句意在对具体细节进行描述，句子中代词this的出现，暗示前句中出现的this指代的内容。判断E是答案。
　　考点：举例分析句/细节描述句。

 


    1．When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to 2。appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, People like people who 3。like themselves.
    4．On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure 5。of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing 6。that the other person has his won needs, fears, and hopes.
    7．Hearing such advice, one might say, But I'm not a friendly, self-confident 8。person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to at that way.
    9．__3__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our
10。personality. It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, 11。but it goes much better than the old one.
　　A．  分析：空格后句中出现了代词We，而被选项中只有A和C中有代词与We呼应。但A中还有changing our social habits与空格后句中的 become accustomed to any changes在语意上呼应，所以答案是A。
　　考点：段落之间的承上启下句。

　　补充：
get used to sth./get accustomed to sth.习惯/适应…
used to do sth./过去常常…
adapt oneself to sth./adapt to/适应…

B. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.（如果有B，则前文中提到了关于如何‘对待陌生人’）
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）

F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）

 
    1．But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence 2。when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, total 3。honest is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first 4。few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of 5。play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. 6。That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds 7。in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions 8。and impressions.
    9．__4__. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise 10。during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin 11。suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there 12。are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
　　分析：前文中出现了“关于如何‘对待陌生人’的描述”，而且在下文中提到了“家庭成员（husband and wife or a parent and child）”，因此判断B是答案。
　　4. B。后句中提到“家庭成员

　　考点：段落之间的承上启下句。

　　补充：

n + to do sth.
e.g.  a book to be read; a bridge to be built up;
 
C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.（如果有C， 前文中一定有某人与代词his呼应）
F. He is eager to make friends with everyone.（该句在句意上是在对细节信息进行描述，如果有F，则前文中应该有某人与He呼应）
 
　　1．The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required 2。course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. __5__ That 3。is at least as important as how much we know.
　　C．  分析：后句中的代词we在C中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观点句是通常论述文的发展特点，因此判断C正确。
　　考点：文章中的总结概括句/观点句。

　　补充：

along with与…一道
e.g. Along with the letters， there are answers written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems.
与这些读者来信一起还刊登对这些问题的回答,由那些被认为能够解决这些问题的人来撰写
as  prep.作为(角色、身份或功能)
e.g. act as a mediator.充当调解人
think of/consider/ treat/ see..as..把..当作..
e.g. You are as sweet as sugar. 你甜如蜜。
e.g. The situation is not so bad as you suggest.情形不如你说的那样糟

passage 2

Tests show women suited for space travel

　　Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American women, numbering 27 in all, between the age of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests for space travel purposes. __1__.
　　Those women were carefully selected from among many applicants. __2__. They were not allowed to smoke or drink alcohol during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other’s company at close quarters for the entire period. Among others things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise. __3__. During that time they suffered backaches and other discomforts. __4__.
　　Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantage over men in space. __5__. Men’s advantages in terms of strength and stamina, meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero=gravity condition in space.
 
A.At the end of ten years, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed.
B.They were volunteers and were paid barely above the minimum wage.
C.These tests were conducted to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those abroad the space shuttle.
D.They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better.
E.Some of them were over 65.

F.When they were finally allowed up, the more physical active women were specially subject to pains due to a slight calcium (钙)loss

 
　　答案及解析：
1． 文章标题分析：Tests show women suited for space travel
 
2． 被选项分析：注意被选项中出现的篇章词

A  At the end of ten years, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed.
B  They were volunteers and were paid barely above the minimum wage.
C  These tests were conducted to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those abroad the space shuttle.
D  They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better.
E  Some of them were over 65.

F  When they were finally allowed up, the more physical active women （揭示前面的they指的是“女性”）were specially subject to pains due to a slight calcium (钙)loss
其中除了选项C（主题涉及到实验）以外，其他选项的主题都是有关“她们”（参加实验的妇女）

3　直接解题：
A  At the end of ten years, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed.
B  They were volunteers and were paid barely above the minimum wage.
C  These tests were conducted to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those abroad the space shuttle.
D  They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better.
E  Some of them were over 65.

F  When they were finally allowed up, the more physical active women （揭示前面的they指的是“女性”）were specially subject to pains due to a slight calcium (钙)loss
　　Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American women, numbering 27 in all, between the age of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests for space travel purposes. __1__.
　　Those women were carefully selected from among many applicants. __2__. They were not allowed to smoke or drink alcohol during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other’s company at close quarters for the entire period. 　Among others things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise. __3__. During that time they suffered backaches and other discomforts. __4__.
 
　　1．C。分析：空格前面没有明显的篇章词汇，从前句中的核心结构来看“有三组美国妇女参加了长达一个月以太空旅行为目的的测试”，结合下一句（第2段第1句）该句说“这些妇女是从许多申请者中仔细挑选出来的”，下一段的中心是围绕妇女展开（从下一段中句子的核心结构可以看出）因此判断第1段的主题应该涉及到实验更合理，因此判断C是答案。
思路特点：抓住段落中心确认段落中句子的语意特点。

 
A  At the end of ten years, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed.

B  They were volunteers and were paid barely above the minimum wage.
D  They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better.
E  Some of them were over 65.

F  When they were finally allowed up, the more physical active women （揭示前面的they指的是“女性”）were specially subject to pains due to a slight calcium (钙)loss
 
　　Those women were carefully selected from among many applicants. __2__. They were not allowed to smoke or drink alcohol during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other’s company at close quarters for the entire period. Among others things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise. __3__. During that time they suffered backaches and other discomforts. __4__.
　　空格2，空格3和空格4在同一段落中所以可以同时考虑：因为它们应该围绕一个中心，一个主题发展。段首句说“这些妇女是从许多申请者中仔细挑选出来的”，而空格4就是该段的结尾，第4空格的前句说“在那段时间期间，…”, that time 暗示前面一定有明确的时间词，但是在空格3的前句中没有发现这样时间词，所以只能是空格3涉及到时间，因此判断A是空格3的答案。而空格3的含义是“参加实验的妇女有20天的时间都被要求躺在床上”，对比被选项发现F应该是空格4的答案：F中的“最终战立起来”与“躺在床上”呼应，而且空格4的前句说的是妇女感受到的不适，而F也是相似的内容，因此判断F是答案；对于空格2，因为空格前句中是在对这些参加实验的妇女进行介绍，因此判断B合适：D在空格前后句中没有比较的对象，E不合理
 
D  They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better.
E  Some of them were over 65.

 
    Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantage over men in space. __5__. Men’s advantages in terms of strength and stamina（毅力）, meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space.
　　5． D。 空格前后句都出现了“优势”，是在进行比较，因此判断D是答案。