2013年职称英语备考每日练习理工类17_第3页

　Over the years, and especially since the Second World War, the realm of landscape architecture has been diversified and its activities classified in response to the needs of a changing world. There nowap­pear to the three clearly definable related stages. First there is landscape planning and assessment. This has a strong ecological and natural science base and is concerned with the systematic evaluation or any likely future use. The process usually involves a team of specialists. It may result in a land use plan or policy, affecting, for example, the distribution and type of development or land use, the alignment of highways, the location of industrial plants, the conservation of water, soil, and amenity values, and the use of countryside for recreation. The study area usually coincides with a natural physiographic region such as the watershed of a major river or some other logical unit of land; unfortunately these seldom coin­cide with the legal jurisdiction of country and state boundaries. The planning function may at times be less comprehensive and concentrate on the impact of major proposals on the environment or the identifica­tion of land suitable for one major use such as recreation.
　　The second stage is site planning. This represents the more conventional kind of landscape architec­ture and within this realm lies landscape design. Site planning is the process in which the assessment of the site and the requirements of the program for the use of the site are brought together in creative synthe­sis. Elements and facilities are located on the land in functional relationships and in a manner fully re­sponsive to the characteristics of the site and its region.
　　Finally, there is detailed landscape design. This is the selection of components, materials, and plants and their combination as solutions to limited and well-defined problems: paving, steps, fountains, and so forth. This is the process through which specific quality is given to the diagrammatic spaces and areas of the site plan.
　　词汇：diversified adj.形形色色的 coincide vi.同时发生，一致 detailed adj.详细的
41. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
A.The training required for landscape architects.
B.The history of landscape architecture.
C.The various aspects of landscape architecture.
D.The locations of landscape architects' work.

42. According to the passage, the first stage of landscape architecture is firmly grounded in______.
A. artistic principles
B. history
C. agricultural needs
D. ecology

43. The word "it" in paragraph 1, sentences 6 refers to_______.
A. the future use
B. the process
C. a team
D. a science base

44. The author mentions all of the following as possible goals of landscape assessment EXCEPT ________.
A. identifying land suitable for recreational uses
B. relocating boundaries of neighboring jurisdictions
C. deciding where highways should be built
D. establishing areas for industry

45.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible aspect of detailed landscape design?
A. Paving
B. Soil.
C. Plants.
D. Fountains.

参考答案

第一篇
31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
第二篇
36. C 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. A
第三篇
41. C 42. D 43. B 44. B 45. B