第二篇 Diabetes(糖屎病)and Eye Damage
0vet 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin(胰岛素)or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose(葡萄糖), a simple sugar. into the body'S cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy(糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜)is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to"leak''blood This causes the retina to swell. and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients(滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye